| PAGE Book | LOC Kindle | APPENDIX 3 |
| 376 | 10089 | Sophisticated Jews and Christians have long known that you should not take these bits any more literally than we would take the stories of Zeus, Prometheus and what have you: Armstrong, Karen: A History of God, Vintage, London 1993, p. 332. Stravrakopoulu, Francesca: God An Anatomy (Kindle Edition), Picador, 2021, Loc 765. |
| 376 | 10094 | They are myths, brilliant myths, but no more than that: Lane Fox, Robin: The Unauthorised Version: Truth and Fiction in the Bible, Viking, London 1991, p. 218. |
| 376 | 10099 | They believed that these people really did exist: Finkelstein, Israel and Silberman, Neil Asher: The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology’s New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of its Sacred Texts. Touchstone, New York 2002, pp. 33-5, 319-325. |
| 377 | 10100 | The clash between the archaeological evidence and the Biblical account has become more and more glaring: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 19-24. |
| 377 | 10102 | the Bible has (Abram) making his journey sometime around 2100 BCE: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, p. 35. |
| 377 | 10104 | (Camels) were not used as beasts of burden until at least a thousand years later: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, p. 37. |
| 377 | 10106 | What this and other anachronisms show is that the stories of the Patriarchs were written much later, probably in the 7th or 8th Century BCE: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 37-8. |
| 377 | 10115 | They managed to locate many of the places in the Biblical account, such as Kadesh-Barnea and the city of Pi-Ramesses, which the Bible says was built by Israelite slaves: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, p. 63, 57, 59. |
| 377 | 10117 | historians built up a very detailed year-by-year account of Egyptian history: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 16-18. |
| 377 | 10118 | The Hyksos: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 52-7. |
| 377 | 10122 | The Bible’s chronology puts the Exodus sometime between 1491 and 1440 BCE: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, p. 35, Romer, John: Testament: The Bible and History, Michael O’Mara Books, London 1988, p. 57. |
| 377 | 10124 | the city of Pi-Ramesses, built by Ramesses the Great, who became Pharoah in 1279 BCE: Romer, J: op cit, p. 57. |
| 378 | 10127 | A brief record of a military campaign the Egyptians waged against the Hebrews in the year 1207 BCE: Finkelstein & Silberman, The Bible Unearthed, p. 18, Lane Fox, Robin: The Unauthorised Version: Truth and Fiction in the Bible, Viking, London 1991, pp. 225-6, Romer, J: Testament, 1988 p. 73. |
| 378 | 10129 | the Exodus can only have happened sometime between 1279 and 1207 BCE: Romer, J: op cit, p. 57. |
| 378 | 10130 | at that time, Egypt controlled both Sinai and Canaan: Finkelstein & Silberman: The Bible Unearthed, pp. 76-79. |
| 378 | 10132 | Egyptologists can find no evidence whatsoever for the departure of 600,000 Israelite men and their families: Romer, J: Testament, p. 57. |
| 378 | 10134 | without finding a single trace of the wanderings of the Israelites: Romer, J: op cit, p. 58; Finkelstein & Silberman: The Bible Unearthed, p. 61-64. |
| 378 | 10137 | Almost all historians think there is a kernel of truth in the story of the Exodus: Finkelstein & Silberman:op cit, pp. 68-71 (they suggest that the Exodus story also reflects later tensions between Judah and Egypt); Lane Fox: The Unauthorised Version, p. 176. |
| 378 | 10147 | If Joshua were alive today, he would without doubt end his days in the hands of the International War Crimes Court at The Hague: Lane Fox: op cit, pp. 224-5; Dawkins, Richard: The God Delusion, Bantam Press, London 2006, p. 247. |
| 378 | 10150 | (Archaeologists) assumed they had found traces of the Biblical story of the fall of (Jericho): Lane Fox: The Unauthorised Version, pp. 225-232; Finkelstein & Silberman: The Bible Unearthed, pp. 81-2. |
| 378 | 10151 | there were no walls around Jericho or any other Canaanite city in the 1200s BCE: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, p. 81. |
| 379 | 10156 | the “Sea Peoples”: Finkelstein & Silberman: The Bible Unearthed, pp. 87-9. |
| 379 | 10158 | the Bronze Age Collapse: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 86-90. |
| 379 | 10164 | the relationship between settled farming communities and pastoralists: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, p. 117. |
| 379 | 10172 | Archaeologists know that this happened several times in the western highlands of Canaan: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 113-8. |
| 379 | 10175 | there is no evidence of the presence of pigs: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 118-120. |
| 379 | 10178 | Invasions and mass migrations leave tell-tale signs in the archaeological record: Barton, John: A History of the Bible: The Book and Its Faiths, Penguin Random House, London 2020, p. 27. |
| 380 | 10185 | With the Israelites, the clue is in the name they gave themselves: IsraEL. They worshipped the same gods as the rest of Canaan, a pantheon headed by a god called El: Stravrakopoulu, Francesca: God An Anatomy (Kindle Edition), Picador, 2021, Loc 567; Römer, Thomas: The Invention of God, Harvard University Press, 2015, pp. 72-74, 78. |
| 380 | 10188 | Yahweh did not arrive among the Israelites until around 1000 BCE: Römer, T: op cit, p. 87. |
| 380 | 10189 | possibly brought by a tribe that migrated north into Canaan: Römer, T: op cit, pp. 71-85. |
| 380 | 10191 | It is likely that Yahweh became a royal or national god of the Israelites under one of their first kings, possibly David: Römer, T: op cit, pp. 85, 88-89. |
| 380 | 10192 | the Song of Moses: Stravrakopoulu: God An Anatomy, Loc 530-550; Stark: The Human Faces of God, Loc 2406-2500. The Septuagint retains the line about ‘the number of the gods’. |
| 380 | 10209 | Another good way of creating blood ties is to invent them: Halevi, Ilhan: A History of the Jews: Ancient and Modern, Zed Books, London 1987, p. 34. |
| 380 | 10212 | the various communities that came together under the Israelite banner wove their different ancestor myths into a single narrative: Finkelstein & Silberman: The Bible Unearthed, pp. 44-6. |
| 381 | 10220 | There were always two very different communities of Ancient Israelites: Friedman, Richard Elliott: Who Wrote the Bible? Jonathan Cape, London 1988, pp. 155-8. |
| 381 | 10225 | (David was) uniquely favoured by Yahweh, who promised him that his descendants would continue to rule forever: Friedman: op cit, pp. 105-7. |
| 381 | 10231 | the tell-tale signs of the development of powerful states: Finkelstein & Silberman: The Bible Unearthed, p. 22. |
| 381 | 10233 | Judah remained a sparsely-populated backwater and Israel was a society of small and medium-sized settlements: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 130-145. |
| 381 | 10235 | Israel expanded into the plains of Canaan, southern Syria and what is now Jordan: Finkelstein & Silberman: op cit, pp. 191-4. |
| 382 | 10239 | What follows is based on fairly recent ideas that aren’t accepted by all scholars: This section is based on the work of Thomas Römer. See Römer, T: The Invention of God, pp. 116-140. |
| 382 | 10241 | In Israel… Römer, T: op cit pp. 116-121. For a different take on the story of the golden calf, see Friedman: Who Wrote the Bible, pp. 70-74. |
| 382 | 10244 | In Judah … Römer, T: op cit pp. 124. 131. |
| 382 | 10245 | human sacrifices were sometimes made (to Yahweh) in times of crisis: Römer, T: op cit pp.137-138. |
Click here for Appendix 4.
Paul Clark 